@article {RN153,
	title = {The psychological impact of a pandemic outbreak on medical staff : Literature review},
	journal = {Harefua: Journal of the Israel Medical Association (Hebrew)},
	year = {In Press},
	type = {Journal Article},
	author = {Shelef, L. and Schiff, M. and Zalsman, G.}
}
@article {RN123,
	title = {Child maltreatment, mental health, and self-reported health among adolescent girls in child welfare: Mediating pathways},
	journal = {Journal of Child \& Adolescent Trauma},
	volume = {16},
	number = {3},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {759-771},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Child maltreatment is common in the US and has been shown to be associated with physical and psychological health problems in adolescence and adulthood. Based on the allostatic load theory, this study examined the association between different types of child maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect) and self-rated health, and the mediating roles of post-traumatic stress and depression in these relationships. Participants were 249 girls involved in the child welfare system, ages 12{\textendash}19 years, the majority of whom were African American. A one item self-reported general health measure, the Child Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) measured self-reported health, child maltreatment,~and posttraumatic and depression symptoms, respectively. Higher levels of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect were significantly associated with poorer ratings of health. PTSD and depression were significant mediators between histories of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and physical health. In conclusion, results indicate that the pathways from child abuse to physical health problems in adolescents are through psychological distress. Trauma focused interventions to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression among this vulnerable group of adolescents are essential to improve health.},
	issn = {1936-153X},
	doi = {10.1007/s40653-023-00545-x},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-023-00545-x},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Auslander, Wendy F. and Gerke, Donald R.}
}
@booklet {RN136,
	title = {Continuous exposure to terrorism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model in the Israeli context},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2023},
	type = {Electronic Article},
	abstract = {This study tested the role of perceived social support as a moderating factor in the mediation of COVID-19-related concerns in the association between continuous traumatic stress (CTS) and depression. The study participants were 499 college students who responded to an anonymous online questionnaire. Measures included the assessment of prior continuous exposure to threats of terrorism, COVID-19-related distress, perceived social support and depressive symptoms. The results demonstrated that COVID-19-related concerns mediated the relationship between continuous exposure to threats of terrorism and depression symptoms, and that perceived social support moderated the association between COVID-19-related concerns and depression. The implications of the study highlight the role of prior exposure to traumatic stress as a risk factor for depression and the role of social support as a protective factor. These results point to the need to develop accessible and non-stigmatic mental health services for populations exposed to other types of continuous traumatic stress.},
	keywords = {continuous traumatic stress COVID-19 higher education social support depression},
	isbn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph20042799},
	author = {Leshem, Becky and Kashy-Rosenbaum, Gabriela and Schiff, Miriam and Benbenishty, Rami and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth}
}
@article {RN131,
	title = {How does social support relate to emotional availability for learning during COVID-19? A multi-group structural equation model of university students from the U.S. and Israel},
	journal = {Social Psychology of Education},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {1037-1061},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Given the social and emotional tolls of the COVID-19 pandemic on college and university students, many students have become academically disengaged during the pandemic. Although some colleges and universities have the capacity to promote social support for their students, research has yet to comprehensively demonstrate the relationship between social support and academic engagement. To fill this gap, we leverage survey results from four universities across the United States and Israel. Through multi-group structural equation modelling, we explore (a) how perceived social support relates to being emotionally unavailable for learning, (b) how this relationship is partially explained through coping and COVID-19 concerns, and (c) how these relationships can differ across countries. We find that students who perceived higher levels of social support had lower rates of being emotionally unavailable for learning. Part of this relationship occurred through greater rates of coping and, subsequently, fewer concerns about the pandemic. We also noticed significant differences in these relationships between countries. We conclude with a discussion of study implications for higher education policies and practices.},
	issn = {1573-1928},
	doi = {10.1007/s11218-023-09783-1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09783-1},
	author = {Jabbari, Jason and Bessaha, Melissa and Malik, Sana and Ferris, Dan and Brickman, Sophie and Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Grinstein-Weiss, Michal and Frank, Tyler}
}
@article {RN105,
	title = {Intergroup violence among Jewish and Arab youths in Israel: Testing a multifactor ecological model},
	journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objective: Hundreds of thousands of people around the world have lost their lives to intergroup violence (IV) over the past two decades. The current study tested a multifactor ecological model, including societal (exposure to trauma), social (exposure to community violence, and conflict with parents), and individual (exposure to microaggression) factors for engagement in IV in two samples of Israeli youths, Jewish (N = 306), and Arab (N = 302). Method: Participants filled out self-report questionnaires assessing exposure to trauma, community violence, conflict with parents, microaggression, and engagement in IV. Results: The results showed that Arab youths who indicated higher levels of religiosity and reported experiencing more traumatic events, community violence, and microaggression were more likely to perpetrate IV (OR = 1.31, 1.39, 1.5, 2.28, respectively). Jewish youths who reported exposure to more traumatic events, more conflict with parents, and greater exposure to microaggression events were more likely to perpetrate IV (OR = 2.28, 2.70, 3.25, respectively). Conclusion: The current study illuminates the similarities (traumatic events and microaggression) and the differential associations of individual, social, and societal factors and IV among Jewish and Arab youths. Microaggression emerged as the strongest predictor for IV in both groups. These findings highlight the need to inform ecological interventions aimed at mitigating IV in a context-sensitive manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {*Arabs *Intergroup Dynamics *Jews *Violence *Microaggression Communities Conflict Experiences (Events) Parents Risk Factors Trauma Exposure},
	issn = {1942-969X(Electronic),1942-9681(Print)},
	doi = {10.1037/tra0001455},
	author = {Zamir, Osnat and Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth}
}
@article {RN116,
	title = {Perceived academic challenges of Jewish and Arab undergraduates during the first wave of COVID-19},
	journal = {International Journal of Psychology},
	volume = {58},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {7-15},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined differences between Arab and Jewish undergraduate students in their perceived academic challenges, COVID-19-related concerns, perceived social support and trust in the university and the government. It also examined factors associated with perceived academic challenges and the moderating role of trust in the university in the associations between COVID-19-related concerns and perceived academic challenges. The sample consisted of 2751 students: 2291 (83\%) Jewish, 398 (15\%) Arab and 61 (2\%) ?other?. Arab students reported higher COVID-19-related concerns and perceived academic challenges, and lower levels of perceived social support and trust in university and government than did Jewish students. Both Jewish and Arab students identified COVID-19-related concerns as a stress-vulnerability factor for perceived academic challenges, whereas perceived social support and trust in the university were identified as resources for perceived academic challenges. No support was found for the role of trust in government in the face of perceived academic challenges nor for the moderating role of trust in the university in the associations between COVID-19-related concerns and perceived academic challenges. In conclusion, the need of Arab students for emotional and academic support needs to be acknowledged as part of the efforts to promote academic success during the pandemic.},
	keywords = {COVID-19 University student Ethnic minority Perceived academic challenges Arab students},
	issn = {0020-7594},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12873},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12873},
	author = {Ismail, Akhlas and Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN138,
	title = {University students{\textquoteright} psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain},
	journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {7},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {3012-3028},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Abstract Using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students{\textquoteright} loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID-19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (??=?0.32, p?<?0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: ??=?0.75, p?<?0.001; anxiety: ??=?0.69, p?<?0.001) and concern (depression: ??=?0.06, p?<?0.001; anxiety: ??=?0.12, p?<?0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (??=?0.24, p?<?0.001) and concern and anxiety (??=?0.22, p?<?0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students{\textquoteright} mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies.},
	keywords = {conservation of resources theory COVID-19 mental health university students},
	issn = {0090-4392},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23076},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23076},
	author = {Kelada, Lauren and Schiff, Miriam and Gilbar, Ohad and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN68,
	title = {The accrual of parent reported adverse childhood experiences following a child protective services investigation: A prospective approach},
	journal = {Child Abuse \& Neglect},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {105447},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Introduction Most studies on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have largely employed retrospective measures from adults, eschewing prospective measures in child samples. In this paper, we tracked the accrual of ACEs during childhood in a sample of children left in-home following a Child Protection Services investigation. Methods Data from three waves of the 2010 National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being were used (n~=~1880). ACEs included 5 forms of child maltreatment and parental domestic violence, mental health problems, substance or alcohol abuse, separation, and arrest. At each wave, parents reported child ACE exposure for the previous year. ACE accrual over three years was traced as mean scores, discrete events, and compounding risk. OLS regression predicted accrual of ACEs over time controlling for important covariates. Results At baseline, children experienced an average of 2.2 ACEs, which increased by 3.2 by W3 (5.4 total ACEs). The predicted number of ACEs over time increased by 0.58 with each increase of 1 ACE at baseline (t~=~11.74, p~<~.001). As compound risk, children with 0 ACE at baseline accrued an additional 1.7 by W3, while those experiencing 6 ACEs at baseline accrued 5.9 by W3. Children who experienced emotional neglect and psychological aggression accumulated a greater number of ACEs. Conclusion The average number of ACEs for in-home children increased precipitously over 3~years, and higher ACE scores at baseline were associated with greater accumulation. This indicates that retrospective measurements may not convey the unremitting nature of ACE accrual.},
	keywords = {Adverse childhood experiences Child protective services Public health},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105447},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213421005160},
	author = {Helton, Jesse J. and Vaughn, Michael G. and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN104,
	title = {Bereavement among Israeli parents who lost children in military service: Protective factors for coping with loss},
	journal = {Death Studies},
	volume = {46},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102},
	pages = {1266-1275},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {AbstractThis study examined parental coping with grief and identified protective factors for better coping among parents who suffered the loss of a child during military service in Israel. Coping indicators included complicated grief, functioning in life tasks, succeeding in living meaningful lives, and personal growth. Participants were 164 parents who had lost children 5?16?years previously. We found strong associations between parents? decision to continue life despite traumatic loss and several indicators of coping. Meaning-making was associated with better functioning and greater personal growth. Practitioners should explore with parents the internal struggles about deciding whether to continue in life.},
	issn = {0748-1187},
	doi = {10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Elkins, Yoni and Aharoni, Eti and Weisler-Mamou, Idit and Parnas Goldberger, Sarit and Simhon, Yardena}
}
@article {RN149,
	title = {Challenges faced by university students during the COVID-19: An international study in five countries during the early phase of the pandemic},
	journal = {International Journal of Psychology},
	volume = {57},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {547-558},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study focused on the specific challenges of university students in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and examined similarities and differences in COVID-related concerns and difficulties in functioning in samples of undergraduate students in five countries. A sample of 4306 undergraduate university students (43.8\% males, 56.2\% females) from Israel, Kosovo, Ukraine, Cyprus and Germany participated in an anonymous online survey during the first wave of the pandemic, between March and June 2020. Study variables included the assessment of the exposure to COVID-19, perceived health status, specific COVID-related concerns and functional difficulties, social support, and the perceived level of coping. Similar concerns about the uncertainty regarding the termination of the health crisis and worry for the health of family members were identified as the most common concerns in the five countries. Challenges in online learning and financial difficulties were rated as the most central difficulties. Both COVID-related concerns and COVID-related difficulties predicted lower levels of perceived coping. Greater social support was associated with better perceived coping. Policymakers should be informed by the accumulating research showing the substantive relationships between academic difficulties and perceived COVID-related distress and coping.},
	keywords = {COVID-19 University students Coping International},
	issn = {0020-7594},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12846},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12846},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Schiff, Miriam and Ar{\"e}nliu, Aliriza and Zasiekina, Larysa and Kagialis, Antonios and Ferreira, Nuno and Nesterko, Yuriy and Glaesmer, Heide and Fern{\'a}ndez-Alc{\'a}ntara, Manuel and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN73,
	title = {COVID-19 vs. terrorism: Contribution of the COR theory to the process of coping with invisible threats},
	journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {176-182},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Two years have passed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The entire world is still struggling with the virus and its mutations, and governments have been imposing various restrictions, including social distancing and quarantine. This paper leans on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theoretical model in comparing the impact of COVID-19 with that of an ongoing threat of terror attacks, allowing us to understand the similarities and differences between them. Such exploration could result in an understanding that may guide devising psycho-social interventions to minimize the negative psychological consequences of a continuous life-threatening situation. By applying the extensive available literature on the aftermath of terrorist attacks to the little-known long-run consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper comes up with several guidelines such as increasing online social support and enhancing adaptive coping with stress, that are applicable on the individual, community, and societal levels.},
	keywords = {COVID-19 Conservation of resources (COR) theory Stress Terror attack Trauma},
	issn = {0022-3956},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.023},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395622000231},
	author = {Shelef, Leah and Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Dekel, Rachel}
}
@article {RN142,
	title = {Emotional distress and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of the ultra-Orthodox Jewish society in Israel},
	journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
	year = {2022},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1942-969X},
	doi = {10.1037/tra0001406},
	author = {Levinsky, Michal and Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN141,
	title = {Military mental health professionals{\textquoteright} suicide risk assessment and management before and after experiencing a patient{\textquoteright}s suicide},
	journal = {Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {392-400},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Abstract Objective This study examines the association between a patient{\textquoteright}s suicide and the therapist{\textquoteright}s suicide risk assessment (SRA) and suicide risk management (SRM) of patients, following the occurrence. Method SRA values range from ?absence of suicidality? to ?immediate suicidal intent to die?. SRM consists of therapists? written recommendations. Rates of the various SRA and SRM values in therapists? evaluations were assessed 6-months prior to the suicide and at the two three- and six-month time-points thereafter. Results Of the 150~soldiers who died by suicides, 30 (20\%) visited 50~military therapists in the 6~months preceding their deaths. Using Wilcoxon signed rank test, lower SRA rates of ?threatens suicide? were found 2~months after a patient{\textquoteright}s suicide. Regarding SRM, the mean rates for ?recommendations for psychotherapy treatment? were higher at the two (p~=~0.022) and the 3~month time-points (p~=~0.031) after a suicide. Conclusions The SRA findings may indicate therapists? fear of treating suicidal patients, causing them to overlook patients? non-prominent suicide-risk indicators. In SRM, the higher rate of recommendations for additional therapy sessions rather than military release or referrals to other therapists may relate to over-caution and attempts to control the patient{\textquoteright}s therapy ensuring it{\textquoteright}s done properly.},
	keywords = {mental health military suicide suicide risk assessment suicide risk management therapists},
	issn = {0363-0234},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12829},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12829},
	author = {Yunik, Noam Paz and Schiff, Miriam and Barzilay, Shira and Yavnai, Nirit and Ben Yehuda, Ariel and Shelef, Leah}
}
@article {RN106,
	title = {Parenthood during the COVID-19 pandemic: Post-traumatic growth amongst university students},
	journal = {Family Process},
	volume = {n/a},
	number = {n/a},
	year = {2022},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Abstract This study sought to investigate a positive dimension of coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, that of post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study investigated coping difficulties and PTG amongst parent and nonparent students in Israeli Universities. A total of 4022 parents (3648 Jews and 374 Palestinian-Arab Citizens [PACs]) and 14,651 nonparents (12,010 Jews and 2641 PACs) completed measures of coping, social support and PTG. Parents demonstrated significantly higher levels of coping and PTG. Amongst parents, fathers coped slightly better than mothers; however, while Jewish mothers demonstrated greater PTG than Jewish fathers, PAC fathers had significantly greater PTG than both PAC mothers and Jewish parents. These findings, while specific to COVID-19, indicate that PTG should be studied in greater depth in different ethnic and minority groups in order to develop enhanced understanding and facilitate promotion of post-traumatic growth, in addition to the prevention of COVID-19-related distress.},
	keywords = {coronavirus ethnicity parenthood post-traumatic growth},
	issn = {0014-7370},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12847},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12847},
	author = {Harwood-Gross, Anna and Bergman, Yoav S. and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Schiff, Miriam and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN93,
	title = {Perceived support and preparedness for the next pandemic among Israeli social workers in hospital settings during the COVID-19 pandemic},
	journal = {Social Work in Health Care},
	volume = {61},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2076765},
	pages = {243-260},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {ABSTRACTThis study describes the conditions under which Israeli social workers in hospital settings operated s during the COVID-19 pandemic, and assesses their perceived support (informal and organizational support) and preparedness for the next pandemic. It further assesses correlates for perceived support and associations between perceived support and preparedness. The participants were 163 social workers from four hospitals who completed an on-line survey. The findings revealed that the level of exposure to COVID-19 and fear of contracting COVID-19 were unrelated to perceived informal and organizational support. Age and having children who are minors living at home moderated the relationship between fear of contracting COVID-19 and both types of perceived support. Each type of perceived support was significantly associated with preparedness beyond age, having minors at home, exposure to COVID-19, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Implications for research and practice are discussed.},
	issn = {0098-1389},
	doi = {10.1080/00981389.2022.2076765},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2022.2076765},
	author = {Shinan-Altman, Shiri and Schiff, Miriam and Rosenne, Hadas and Chen, Wendy and Kaofer, Hanna and Zeevi, Sagit and Nir-Paz, Ran}
}
@article {RN70,
	title = {Postpartum depression, complications during pregnancy, and offspring behavior problems in early childhood},
	journal = {Child \& Youth Care Forum},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {347-367},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Complications during pregnancy, postpartum and current maternal depression are risk factors that may affect child behavior in early and middle childhood.},
	issn = {1573-3319},
	doi = {10.1007/s10566-021-09630-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09630-4},
	author = {Ben-Harush, Aya and Schiff, Miriam and Sulimani, Naama and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth}
}
@article {RN146,
	title = {Predicting mental burnout among Israeli Home Front Command soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic},
	journal = {Health Promotion International},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {daab036},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The present study examined personality, situational and organizational predictors of burnout during COVID-19 in a military setting, based on the salutogenic theory of health (Antonovsky, 1987).Questionnaires were completed by 116 reserve Israeli Home Front Command medical staff (71\% males). Background variables (e.g., gender), personality variables (self-efficacy and sense of coherence - SOC), situational variables (state-anxiety, self-rated health and sense of threat) and organizational variables (satisfaction with military{\textquoteright}s and government{\textquoteright}s handling of the COVID-19 crisis) were measured as predictors of burnout.Females had higher levels of state anxiety and burnout compared to males. Females also reported a lower level of satisfaction with the military{\textquoteright}s handling of the COVID-19 crisis than males. SOC and state anxiety were the only statistically significant predictors of burnout after controlling for sociodemographic variables. The entire model explained 59.4\% of the burnout variance.In accordance with salutogenic theory, SOC is associated with active adaptation through use of generalized and specific resistance resources to avoid burnout in a stressful milieu. Psychological support, psychoeducation and simulation training are offered to increase manageability in crisis situations.Following a large dropout rate due to being quarantined, the final sample size was much smaller than planned. Also, although previous longitudinal studies have found SOC to be a causal factor in burnout, the present cross-sectional design limits such conclusions.},
	issn = {0957-4824},
	doi = {10.1093/heapro/daab036},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab036},
	author = {Antonovsky, Avishai and Danon, Roey and Schiff, Miriam and Shelef, Leah}
}
@article {RN77,
	title = {Riding the waves of the pandemic from West to East: The social workers{\textquoteright} experience an International collaboration on study of social workers during COVID-19},
	journal = {Social Work in Health Care},
	volume = {61},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2108569},
	pages = {185-198},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0098-1389},
	doi = {10.1080/00981389.2022.2108569},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2022.2108569},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Chow, Amy and Noi, Goh Soon}
}
@article {RN67,
	title = {University students coping with COVID-19 challenges: Do they need help?},
	journal = {Journal of American College Health},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1-9},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {AbstractObjective: This study examined students? perceived levels of coping and need for help, and the relationship with their risks and protective factors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Participants: A sample of 4,710 university students responded anonymously to an online questionnaire. Methods: The risk and protective factors assessed were: specific COVID-related functional difficulties, levels of social support, and trust in the university authorities and the government in handling the crisis. Results: The most frequent COVID-19 related difficulties were: worry for the health of family members (64.4\%) and difficulties with online learning (63.2\%). Almost half of the students (47.3\%) reported that they needed at least a little help. Hierarchical regression analyses for coping and need for help showed that COVID-related difficulties predicted lower levels of perceived coping and a higher need for help. Conclusions: Universities need to build specific services for students to provide concrete support throughout this continuous health crisis.},
	issn = {0744-8481},
	doi = {10.1080/07448481.2022.2048838},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2022.2048838},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN147,
	title = {Adverse childhood experiences and obesity over time},
	journal = {Public Health Nutrition},
	volume = {24},
	number = {11},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {3205-3209},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objective:The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on children and adolescents{\textquoteright} health status such as obesity are understudied. The current study addressed the effect of ACE on obesity status during childhood utilising multiple waves of national panel data.Design:Longitudinal survey.Setting:Data were drawn from three waves of the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II). NSCAW II study sampled cases from Child Protective Services investigations that were closed between February 2008 and April 2009 nationwide. We measured ACE cumulatively and as separate events and stratified by gender.Participants:Totally, 3170 youth births to 14 years of age at baseline.Results:A count measure of ACE is indeed associated with greater odds of obesity during childhood. Differential effects for different types of ACE were also found, most notably neglect. For girls, physical and psychological neglect increased odds of obesity.Conclusions:Findings support evidence for the importance of using both a count measure of ACE as well as separating out single events by gender.},
	keywords = {Adverse childhood experiences Obesity Childhood abuse Child neglect National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being Longitudinal study Child Protective Services},
	issn = {1368-9800},
	doi = {10.1017/S1368980021001804},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/adverse-childhood-experiences-and-obesity-over-time/2BD292964E68FF0C00F904B814889468},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Helton, Jess and Fu, John}
}
@article {RN86,
	title = {Couple relationship satisfaction: The role of recollection of parental acceptance, self-differentiation, and spousal caregiving},
	journal = {Journal of Social and Personal Relationships},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/02654075211033029},
	pages = {179-197},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The actor?partner interdependence model (APIM) was employed in this study to investigate the mediating effect self-differentiation and spousal caregiving have on the relationship between recollection of parental care and acceptance and couple satisfaction. One hundred and forty-four non-clinical couples (N = 288) in enduring relationships were recruited. Results for actor effects revealed two mediating paths whereby, among both partners, recollection of maternal (but not paternal) acceptance was associated with their self-differentiation and responsive spousal caregiving, which, in turn, were linked to their spousal relationship satisfaction. Partner effects revealed three mediating paths: for both partners, recollection of childhood maternal acceptance was associated with responsive caregiving, which, in turn, was linked with their partner?s relationship satisfaction. Interestingly, the husbands? recollection of maternal acceptance was associated with their partners? responsive spousal caregiving, which was linked to both spouses? relationship satisfaction. Our results may support the theoretical assumptions regarding intergenerational continuity from perceptions of childhood via self-differentiation effecting couple caregiving to couple relationship, but only on the mother?s part.},
	issn = {0265-4075},
	doi = {10.1177/02654075211033029},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211033029},
	author = {Finzi-Dottan, Ricky and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN64,
	title = {COVID-19 related difficulties and perceived coping among university and college students: the moderating role of media-related exposure and stress},
	journal = {European Journal of Psychotraumatology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1929029},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {ABSTRACTBackground: University and college students are not usually identified as a population at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, there is growing evidence of their specific distress associated with facing multiple abrupt changes and the need for rapid adaptation to a variety of academic, social, and financial challenges. The extent of their exposure to COVID-19 media and the associated media-related stress may further impair students? perceived coping.Objective: This study assessed COVID-19-related functional difficulties and perceived coping among higher education students in Israel and explored the moderating role played by media coverage of the pandemic in inducing stress and exacerbating COVID-19-related difficulties in perceived coping among students.Method: Data was collected from 7,446 students from seven academic centres in Israel through online questionnaires about four to six weeks after the outbreak of the pandemic in Israel.Results: The findings showed positive associations between COVID-19-related difficulties, media exposure, media-related stress, and decreased levels of perceived coping with the pandemic. Moreover, media-related stress (but not the level of media exposure) moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related difficulties and perceived coping: the associations were significantly stronger for students reporting high media-related stress in comparison to individuals reporting low media-related stress.Conclusions: These results highlight the specific role of media-related stress and the need to distinguish this risk factor from the global impact of exposure to media coverage. The need for self-monitoring of the subjective level of stress associated with media exposure should be part of the psychoeducation efforts provided by public health authorities for promoting self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
	issn = {null},
	doi = {10.1080/20008198.2021.1929029},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1929029},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Bergman, Yoav S. and Schiff, Miriam and Goldberg, Alon and Cohen, Ayala and Leshem, Becky and Jubran, Hisham and Worku- Mengisto, Wovit and Berkowitz, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@booklet {RN129,
	title = {COVID-related concerns, the need for help, and perceived microaggression among young Ultra-Orthodox Jewish respondents in Israel},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Electronic Article},
	abstract = {Minority groups are especially vulnerable to the negative psychological and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focused on one prominent minority group in Israel: ultra-Orthodox Jews. It examined the rate of exposure to COVID-19, adherence to COVID-19 mitigation guidelines, difficulties with adherence to COVID-19 guidelines, COVID-related concerns, financial hardships, the need for help, and microaggression during the first wave of the pandemic (April{\textendash}May 2020). It then examined multivariate prediction of COVID-related concerns, the need for help, and microaggression. The sample comprised 252 respondents, with 67\% female and a mean age of 32.85 (SD = 10.63). Results showed that 78.8\% of the participants knew at least one person who had tested positive for COVID-19, and 31.4\% knew at least one person who had passed away from COVID-19. Only 59.7\% of the participants reported high adherence to social distancing guidelines. Perceived microaggression was predicted by the difficulties with adherence to COVID-19 guidelines, the level of stress associated with exposure to the media, and financial hardships. The study{\textquoteright}s implications point to the centrality of perceived microaggression and the necessity of adopting culturally sensitive approaches to engage minorities in public efforts to fight the spread of viruses.},
	keywords = {COVID-19 ultra-Orthodox Jews microaggression mitigation guidelines COVID-related concerns},
	isbn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126445},
	author = {Weiden, Faiga and Levinsky, Michal and Schiff, Miriam and Becker, Nati and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN66,
	title = {COVID-Related Concerns, the Need for Help, and Perceived Microaggression among Young Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Respondents in Israel},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	volume = {18},
	number = {12},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Minority groups are especially vulnerable to the negative psychological and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focused on one prominent minority group in Israel: ultra-Orthodox Jews. It examined the rate of exposure to COVID-19, adherence to COVID-19 mitigation guidelines, difficulties with adherence to COVID-19 guidelines, COVID-related concerns, financial hardships, the need for help, and microaggression during the first wave of the pandemic (April{\textendash}May 2020). It then examined multivariate prediction of COVID-related concerns, the need for help, and microaggression. The sample comprised 252 respondents, with 67\% female and a mean age of 32.85 (SD = 10.63). Results showed that 78.8\% of the participants knew at least one person who had tested positive for COVID-19, and 31.4\% knew at least one person who had passed away from COVID-19. Only 59.7\% of the participants reported high adherence to social distancing guidelines. Perceived microaggression was predicted by the difficulties with adherence to COVID-19 guidelines, the level of stress associated with exposure to the media, and financial hardships. The study{\textquoteright}s implications point to the centrality of perceived microaggression and the necessity of adopting culturally sensitive approaches to engage minorities in public efforts to fight the spread of viruses.},
	keywords = {COVID-19 ultra-Orthodox Jews microaggression mitigation guidelines COVID-related concerns},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph18126445},
	author = {Weiden, Faiga and Levinsky, Michal and Schiff, Miriam and Becker, Nati and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN65,
	title = {COVID-Related functional difficulties and concerns among university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A binational perspective},
	journal = {Journal of Community Health},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {667-675},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has created a sense of threat, and stress that has surged globally at an alarming pace. University students were confronted with new challenges. This study examined university students{\textquoteright} functional difficulties and concerns during COVID-19 pandemic in two countries: Israel and Ukraine. Additionally, it examined the similarities and differences in prediction of COVID-related concerns in both countries. Two large samples of university students were drawn from both countries. Results showed that students{\textquoteright} main functional difficulties in both countries were: worries about their family health status and their learning assignments. In both countries, COVID-related functional difficulties and stress associated with exposure to the media added a significant amount of the explained variance of COVID-related concerns after controlling for background variables. In conclusion{\textemdash}while the level of exposure and difficulties may differ by country and context, their associations with students{\textquoteright} concerns seem robust. Additionally, repeated exposure to media coverage about a community threat can lead to increased anxiety.},
	issn = {1573-3610},
	doi = {10.1007/s10900-020-00930-9},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00930-9},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Zasiekina, Larysa and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN132,
	title = {Israeli health care social workers{\textquoteright} personal and professional concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: The work{\textendash}family role conflict},
	journal = {The British Journal of Social Work},
	volume = {51},
	number = {5},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1858-1878},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This exploratory study focuses on the personal and professional concerns of Israeli social workers in hospitals and community health settings during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Other studies omitted health care social workers{\textquoteright} needs and concerns. Participants included 126 social workers (120 females, 5 males and 1 other gender identity) in hospitals and community health settings who completed an online survey during the height of the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel. Measures included questions on exposure to COVID-19, sense of safety at work, perceived support, and personal and professional concerns. Two open-ended questions about the social workers{\textquoteright} concerns and the perceived concerns of their patients were included. The results showed that 17 per cent reported one of their inter-disciplinary team testing positive for COVID-19. Only one-third of the social workers felt safe from COVID-19 infection in their workplace. Mothers of dependent children were more concerned about income loss and about balancing work and family requirements than mothers of older children. {\textquoteleft}Home{\textendash}work conflict{\textquoteright} was also a main theme in the qualitative data. In conclusion, the work{\textendash}home role conflict took an especially heavy toll during the COVID-19 pandemic on social workers who were mothers to dependent children.},
	issn = {0045-3102},
	doi = {10.1093/bjsw/bcab114},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab114},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Shinan-Altman, Shiri and Rosenne, Hadas}
}
@article {RN62,
	title = {Lifetime cumulative adversity and physical health deterioration in old age: Evidence from a fourteen-year longitudinal study},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {289},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {114407},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Background Although several studies have demonstrated the associations between lifetime cumulative adversity and late-life physical health, many of them were conducted at a single time point and examined events that occurred in childhood only. Less is known about the effect of lifelong adversity on the aging process over time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cumulative adversity on the accelerated deterioration in health over time - mobility limitation and self-rated state of health in old age. Methods This study provides a 14-year, 6-time-point follow-up on a representative sample of Europeans using the SHARE Project - longitudinal survey panel. The sample included a total of 7195 respondents aged 65 and older from nine countries in Europe. The outcome measurements were the number of mobility limitations and self-rated health {\textendash} trajectories along 6 measurements. The independent variable was Lifetime Cumulative Adversity, and the analyses included also control variables {\textendash} age, gender, socioeconomic status, depression, and country. Results Time-based Latent Growth Curve Modeling has demonstrated that the effects of Lifetime Cumulative Adversity were significant on both health measures, by means of the intercepts and the slopes: Greater experience of adversities correlated with a higher physical health impairment at baseline and a higher decline along time. The effects of self-rated health were weaker than the effects of mobility limitations. Conclusions Given that the populations of numerous countries are rapidly aging, understanding the risk factors associated with health deterioration is important, especially for policymakers and medical health care experts, to raise awareness of the relationship between lifelong adversity and health decline and to build preventive interventions to deal with these consequences.},
	keywords = {Cumulative adversity Aging Mobility limitations Self-rated health},
	issn = {0277-9536},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114407},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953621007395},
	author = {Levinsky, Michal and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN57,
	title = {Bereavement among Israeli parents who lost children in military service: Protective factors for coping with loss},
	journal = {Death Studies},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1-10},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {AbstractThis study examined parental coping with grief and identified protective factors for better coping among parents who suffered the loss of a child during military service in Israel. Coping indicators included complicated grief, functioning in life tasks, succeeding in living meaningful lives, and personal growth. Participants were 164 parents who had lost children 5?16?years previously. We found strong associations between parents? decision to continue life despite traumatic loss and several indicators of coping. Meaning-making was associated with better functioning and greater personal growth. Practitioners should explore with parents the internal struggles about deciding whether to continue in life.},
	issn = {0748-1187},
	doi = {10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1815102},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Elkins, Yoni and Aharoni, Eti and Weisler-Mamou, Idit and Parnas Goldberger, Sarit and Simhon, Yardena}
}
@article {RN115,
	title = {Long-term impact of maternal posttraumatic symptoms on children{\textquoteright}s regulatory functioning: A four-year follow-up study},
	journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
	volume = {12},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {131},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1942-969X},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000479.},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Zamir, Osnat and Yochman, Aviva and Schiff, Miriam and Brickman, Sophie and Lerner, Moriah and Brom, Danny}
}
@article {RN154,
	title = {Outcomes of young alumni of youth protection authority (YPA) out-of-home placements: A follow-up study},
	journal = {Society \& Welfare: Quarterly for Social Work (Hebrew)},
	volume = {40},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {109-136},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {https://www.molsa.gov.il/CommunityInfo/Magazine/Lists/ArticlesList/Attachments/1815/40-1-Rinat_Cohen_Moreno.pdf},
	author = {Cohen-Moreno, R. and Sabah, Y. and Feldmann, C. and Schiff, M.}
}
@article {RN151,
	title = {Continuous traumatic stress and the life cycle: Exposure to repeated political violence in Israel},
	journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
	volume = {21},
	number = {8},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {71},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Millions of individuals and families live under continual exposure to threat such as protracted socio-political conflict or community violence facing current and future danger. The construct of continuous traumatic stress (CTS) was suggested as a supplement perspective for the understanding of the specific impact of living under both current and realistic future threat. Yet, the unique parameters, utility, and validity of the construct CTS are underexplored.},
	issn = {1535-1645},
	doi = {10.1007/s11920-019-1060-x},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1060-x},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN122,
	title = {Integrating Israeli Defense Force (IDF) veterans with disabilities into the workforce: characteristics and predictors},
	journal = {Israel Journal of Health Policy Research},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {86},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {According to the ICF Model, the central goal of rehabilitation is the returning of persons with disabilities to an active and fruitful life within society. The Israel Ministry of Defense Rehabilitation Department{\textquoteright}s occupational rehabilitation program includes assessment, professional guidance, training, and assistance integrating into employment.},
	issn = {2045-4015},
	doi = {10.1186/s13584-019-0352-2},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-019-0352-2},
	author = {Segev, Dan and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN135,
	title = {Social work interventions with survivors of acts of political violence},
	journal = {Journal of Social Work},
	volume = {21},
	number = {2},
	year = {2019},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/1468017319883556},
	pages = {188-205},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {SummarySocial workers and students in a large teaching hospital explored the characteristics of psychosocial interventions during acts of political violence. The associations between hospital length of stay, Acute Stress Reaction, and the characteristics of the implemented psychosocial interventions were also examined. One hundred and forty patients (61.4\% males) treated during the so-called stabbing intifada/uprising in the years 2014?2015 in Israel in one large hospital were included. Data collection was based on clinical data mining.FindingsThe most frequent patient interventions were trauma-focused, while the most frequent family interventions were needs assessment and support-system building. Most of the interventions with the family (but not with the patient) were associated with longer hospital stays. Greater severity of Acute Stress Reaction was associated with greater use of trauma-focused interventions with the patient (but not with the family).ApplicationsThe findings suggest that social workers hold implicit trauma-focused intervention theories that should be written up in order to develop practice-based intervention models in the context of political violence.},
	issn = {1468-0173},
	doi = {10.1177/1468017319883556},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017319883556},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Lesser, Lior and Levine, Tova and Savo, Yaeliy and Dashti, Tzlil and Rosenne, Hadas}
}
@article {RN33,
	title = {Foster parents exposed to political violence: The role of social support in addressing emotional and functional difficulties},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {211-218},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740917306242},
	author = {Gilbar, O. and Benbenishty, R. and Schiff, M. and Dekel, R.}
}
@article {RN26,
	title = {Helping the helpers: Post-traumatic distress and need for help among Israeli social workers in foster care agencies following armed conflict},
	journal = {Child \& Family Social Work},
	volume = {23},
	number = {3},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Schiff, Miriam Dekel, Rachel Gilbar, Ohad Benbenishty, Rami 1365-2206},
	pages = {466-474},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined the associations between exposure to armed conflict, perceived support, work experience, needing help, and post-traumatic distress among Israeli social workers in foster care agencies based on Conservation of Resources theory. The study used a mixed-methods design. Six months after the end of an armed conflict, 82 social workers responded to a web-based questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions. Results showed that exposure to the armed conflict was moderately associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms and functional impairment. Only the workers{\textquoteright} perceived need for personal help (but not help for professional matters) was positively associated with their psychological distress. The qualitative analysis suggests that social workers showed strengths and wanted help mainly to improve their professional skills. Yet they also elaborated on the complexities involved in conducting their professional work, especially home visits, because such visits put their own lives in danger and meant deserting their own families. Practice implications are as follows: Foster care agencies should make greater efforts to provide knowledge and skills, support, supervision, and a safe haven for their workers, in the context of armed conflict.},
	issn = {1356-7500},
	doi = {10.1111/cfs.12438},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000438199200016},
	author = {Schiff, M. and Dekel, R. and Gilbar, O. and Benbenishty, R.}
}
@article {RN25,
	title = {Initial Clinician Reports of the Bottom-Up Dissemination of an Evidence-Based Intervention for Early Childhood Trauma},
	journal = {Child \& Youth Care Forum},
	volume = {47},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {115-132},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Bottom-up dissemination (BUD) of evidence based treatments (EBT), entailing the spread of an intervention through a peer network in a decentralized manner, is an under-reported phenomenon in the professional literature.},
	issn = {1573-3319},
	doi = {10.1007/s10566-017-9422-1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-017-9422-1},
	author = {David, Paula and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN60,
	title = {Religiosity: Protective or Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Distress Among Adolescents Who Were Exposed to Different Types of Acts of Political Violence},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {36},
	number = {7-8},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {NP3914-NP3937},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined the potential moderating effects of religiosity on the associations between exposure to acts of political violence and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among Jewish adolescents in Israel. In addition, it examined whether self-reported physical and interpersonal exposure to acts of political violence predicts PTS symptoms beyond the objective exposure effects (i.e., the proximity of participants? place of residence to high-, moderate-, or low-intensity political violence). A representative sample of 2,992 Jewish high school students (Grades 10 and 11) was taken. We used self-reporting to measure the level of religiosity and the Impact of Events Scale?Revised (IES-R) to measure PTS symptoms. Results show that self-reported exposure to acts of political violence adds a significant additional amount of variance to the prediction of PTS symptoms after objective exposure is already included in the regression equation. Religiosity was found as a risk factor for PTS symptoms such that the greater the religiosity of the adolescents, the higher their PTS symptoms. Therefore, prevention interventions should target the vulnerable group of religious Jewish adolescents.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260518780775},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518780775},
	author = {Sakat, Efrat and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN7,
	title = {Depression, quality of life and smoking in late adulthood},
	journal = {EC Psychology and Psychiatry},
	volume = {4},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {206-215},
	type = {Journal Article},
	url = {https://www.ecronicon.com/ecpp/pdf/ECPP-04-00138.pdf},
	author = {Schiff, M. and Roll, A.}
}
@article {RN143,
	title = {Multiple Traumas, Maternal Depression, Mother{\textendash}Child Relationship, Social Support, and Young Children{\textquoteright}s Behavioral Problems},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2017},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/0886260517725738},
	pages = {892-914},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined whether maternal depression, mother?child relationships, and maternal perceived social support mediate the associations between child?s exposure to multiple traumatic events and behavioral problems. We recruited a representative sample of 904 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) mothers and their 2- to 6-year-old children. Data collection was conducted through structured face-to-face interviews with the mothers between July and November 2011. All measures were completed by the mothers. We used the child?s and mother?s exposure to political violence questionnaires, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a short version of the Parental Acceptance?Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey. The research study model was tested using path analysis. The model showed a very good fit to the data, suggesting that maternal rejection, maternal depression, and social support play an important role in child?s behavioral problems in the context of multiple traumatic events. Higher levels of maternal rejection were significantly associated with greater children behavior problems. Maternal rejection mediated the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child?s behavioral problems. Maternal perceived social support mediated the associations between child?s exposure to multiple traumatic events and child?s behavioral problems; child?s exposure to multiple traumatic events was associated with lower levels of maternal perceived social support. In turn, lower levels of perceived social support were associated with higher levels of behavioral problems. In conclusion, in accordance with the ?social stress framework,? social support has a mediation role in the association between exposure to traumatic events and child?s behavioral problems. Thus, enhancing social support to mothers to young children in the context of multiple traumatic events is essential for children resiliency.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260517725738},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517725738},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Ziv, Yuval and Brom, Danny}
}
@article {RN92,
	title = {Adolescents{\textquoteright} exposure to disasters and substance use},
	journal = {Current Psychiatry Reports},
	volume = {18},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {57},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the impact of exposure to man-made or natural disasters on adolescent substance use. It covers empirical studies published from 2005 to 2015 concerning (a) the scope of the problem, (b) vulnerable groups and risk and protective factors, and (c) evidence-based interventions. The review suggests a strong link between adolescent substance use and exposure to either man-made or natural disaster. Vulnerable groups include adolescents with previous exposure to traumatic events, living in areas that are continually exposed to disasters, and ethnic minorities. Risk and protective factors at the individual, familial, community, and societal levels are described based on the bioecological model of mass trauma. Given that mass trauma is unfortunately a global problem, it is important to establish international interdisciplinary working teams to set gold standards for comparative studies on the etiology for adolescent substance use in the context of disasters.},
	issn = {1535-1645},
	doi = {10.1007/s11920-016-0693-2},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0693-2},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Fang, Lin}
}
@article {RN78,
	title = {Group Supervision in Social Work Field Education},
	journal = {Routledge International Handbook of Social Work Education},
	year = {2016},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1317495225},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315712536-26},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Zeira, Anat}
}
@article {RN13,
	title = {Political violence exposure, adolescent school violence, and drug use: The mediating role of school support and posttraumatic stress},
	journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry},
	volume = {86},
	number = {6},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {662-670},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Adolescents may engage in risk behaviors to cope with the negative psychological impacts resulting from exposure to political violence. Guided by the Deterioration Deterrence Model and General Strain Theory, the present study assessed the mediating role of school support and posttraumatic stress (PTS) on two adolescent risk behaviors (i.e., school violence and drug use) among Arab and Jewish Israeli adolescents. We analyzed data from a nationally representative survey that consisted of 4,733 Israeli high school students (54.5\% females; 63.2\% Jewish) following the Second Lebanon War. Structural equation modeling using weighted data bootstrapped with 2,000 iterations evaluated the mediated effects of school support and PTS. The results showed that both school support and PTS mediated the pathways from political violence exposure to school violence and drug use. However, although school support and PTS fully mediated the relationship between political violence exposure and these risk behaviors for Jewish students, school support and PTS only partially mediated the relationships for Arab students. While school support can help decrease the detrimental effect of exposure to terrorism and war, Israeli adolescents exposed to more political violence may perceive receiving less school support than those experiencing less exposure. Findings of this study provide evidence for the theorized mediated pathways between political violence exposure and adolescent risk behaviors by PTS and school support. The study serves as a basis for future research that can unpack the relationship between exposure to political violence and adolescent risk-taking behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {*Political Issues *School Violence *Exposure to Violence *Post-Traumatic Stress Coping Behavior Drug Usage Violence},
	issn = {1939-0025(Electronic);0002-9432(Print)},
	doi = {10.1037/ort0000178},
	author = {Fang, Lin and Schiff, Miriam and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN14,
	title = {Self-efficacy as a mediator in bottom-up dissemination of a research-supported intervention for young, traumatized children and their families},
	journal = {Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work},
	volume = {14},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {53-69},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Implementation literature has under-reported bottom-up dissemination attempts of research-supported interventions (RSI). This study examined factors associated with individual clinicians{\textquoteright} implementation of Child{\textendash}Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), including CPP social network (SN), supervision, and self-efficacy. Seventy-seven (90\%) CPP graduates completed a cross-sectional survey, including measures regarding social network, receiving supervision, and CPP self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with CPP implementation; CPP SN and supervision were not. Mediation models showed that self-efficacy significantly mediated between CPP SN and supervision, and the implementation variables. Findings illuminate the importance of supporting clinicians using a new RSI, particularly in bottom-up dissemination, in order to foster RSI self-efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {*Psychotherapy *Self-Efficacy *Social Casework *Social Networks Evidence Based Practice},
	issn = {2376-1415(Electronic);2376-1407(Print)},
	doi = {10.1080/23761407.2017.1298072},
	author = {David, Paula and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN152,
	title = {Treatment or children at risk: Out-of-home versus community placement},
	journal = {Society \& Welfare: Quarterly for Social Work (Hebrew)},
	volume = {36},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {331-361},
	type = {Journal Article},
	author = {Zemach, M. and Schiff, M. and Feldman, C. and Sabah, C.}
}
@article {RN30,
	title = {Emotion regulation in mothers and young children faced with trauma},
	journal = {Infant Mental Health Journal},
	volume = {36},
	number = {3},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth Cohen, S. Ziv, Y. Achituv, M. Asulin-Peretz, L. Blanchard, T. R. Schiff, M. Brom, D. Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth/H-1886-2017 Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth/0000-0002-5589-8837 1097-0355},
	pages = {337-348},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The present study investigated maternal emotion regulation as mediating the association between maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms and children{\textquoteright}s emotional dysregulation in a community sample of 431 Israeli mothers and children exposed to trauma. Little is known about the specific pathways through which maternal posttraumatic symptoms and deficits in emotion regulation contribute to emotional dysregulation. Inspired by the intergenerational process of relational posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which posttraumatic distress is transmitted from mothers to children, we suggest an analogous concept of relational emotion regulation, by which maternal emotion regulation problems may contribute to child emotion regulation deficits. Child emotion regulation problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP; T.M. Achenbach \& I. Rescorla, 2000), which is comprised of three subscales of the CBCL: Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression. Maternal PTSD symptoms were assessed by the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (E.B. Foa, L. Cashman, L. Jaycox, \& K. Perry, 1997) and maternal emotion regulation by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (K.L. Gratz \& L. Roemer, 2004). Results showed that the child{\textquoteright}s emotion regulation problems were associated with both maternal posttraumatic symptoms and maternal emotion dysregulation. Further, maternal emotion regulation mediated the association between maternal posttraumatic symptoms and the child{\textquoteright}s regulation deficits. These findings highlight the central role of mothers{\textquoteright} emotion regulation skills in the aftermath of trauma as it relates to children{\textquoteright}s emotion regulation skills. The degree of mothers{\textquoteright} regulatory skills in the context of posttraumatic stress symptoms reflects a key process through which the intergenerational transmission of trauma may occur. Study results have critical implications for planning and developing clinical interventions geared toward the treatment of families in the aftermath of trauma and, in particular, the enhancement of mothers{\textquoteright} emotion regulation skills after trauma.},
	issn = {0163-9641},
	doi = {10.1002/imhj.21515},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000354487800009},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, R. and Cohen, S. and Ziv, Y. and Achituv, M. and Asulin-Peretz, L. and Blanchard, T. R. and Schiff, M. and Brom, D.}
}
@article {RN15,
	title = {Learning from bottom-up dissemination: Importing an evidence-based trauma intervention for infants and young children to Israel},
	journal = {Evaluation and Program Planning},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {18-24},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This article describes a pilot study of a {\textquotedblleft}bottom up{\textquotedblright} dissemination process of a new evidence based intervention for treating early childhood trauma. Clinicians applied to learn Child{\textendash}Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), imported to Israel from the U.S. A focus group of six graduates of a CPP training program responded to questions concerning their experiences learning and using CPP. All 39 CPP graduates from two cohorts also completed a cross sectional survey related to their use of CPP. Within the focus group, the openness of the workplace and the intervention{\textquoteright}s characteristics were considered major factors impacting CPP use; the training program was perceived to promote CPP implementation, and lack of supervision and secondary traumatic stress were the major inhibiting factors. Using CPP-informed therapy, as opposed to CPP with fidelity, was perceived to be one of the main outcomes of the training. Survey results showed that 53\% of graduates were using CPP in over three cases, and almost all intended to use CPP within the next year. Ninety-five percent were using CPP principles in their therapeutic work. The implications of importing a new evidence based intervention to a foreign country that utilizes a different dissemination system within a different professional culture are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {*Clinicians *Evidence Based Practice *Psychotherapy Training *Trauma Intervention Learning Health Personnel},
	issn = {0149-7189(Print)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.07.012},
	author = {David, Paula and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN4,
	title = {Prolonged exposure for treating PTSD among female methadone patients who were survivors of sexual abuse in Israel},
	journal = {Social Work in Health Care},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {687-707},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1080/00981389.2015.1058311},
	author = {Schiff, M. and Nacasch, N. and Levit, S. and Katz, N. and Foa, E.}
}
@article {RN94,
	title = {Adolescent substance use in Israel: The roles of exposure to political traumas and posttraumatic stress symptoms},
	journal = {Psychology of Addictive Behaviors},
	volume = {28},
	number = {2},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {453-463},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Previous studies have not examined the potential mediating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) and moderating roles of gender and ethnicity among adolescents in the aftermath of political traumas, especially in the Middle East. This study of Israeli adolescents aimed to begin bridging these gaps in knowledge. We addressed the following hypotheses: (a) greater exposure to multiple political traumas would be associated with adolescent substance use; (b) greater PTS would be associated with adolescent substance use; (c) PTS would mediate the association of exposure to multiple political traumas on substance use; and (d) gender and ethnicity would moderate the pathways from exposure and PTS to substance use. A nationally representative sample included 4,733 Grade 10 and 11 students (half were females; 36.8\% were Arabs). Results of bootstrapping estimations found a significant direct link between exposure to multiple political traumas and substance use, as well as an indirect link through PTS. Gender moderated the relationship between PTS and substance use, while ethnicity moderated the association between exposure and substance use. Specifically, female adolescent substance use decreased when their PTS increased. Arab adolescents who had greater exposure to multiple political traumas used more substances. PTS may be an important mechanism by which trauma exposure is associated with increased substance use. Screening adolescents for PTS and substance use, shortly after political trauma, is essential to address the potential risk factors in vulnerable adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
	keywords = {*Drug Usage *Ethnic Identity *Political Issues *Posttraumatic Stress Disorder *Risk Factors Human Sex Differences},
	issn = {1939-1501(Electronic),0893-164X(Print)},
	doi = {10.1037/a0035603},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Fang, Lin}
}
@article {RN2,
	title = {Does adolescent{\textquoteright}s exposure to parental intimate partner conflict and violence predict psychological distress and substance use in young adulthood? A longitudinal study},
	journal = {Child Abuse \& Neglect},
	volume = {38},
	number = {12},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 0},
	pages = {1945-1954},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Little is known about the extent to which parental conflict and violence differentially impact on offspring mental health and substance use. Using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study this paper examines: whether offspring exposure to parental intimate partner violence (involving physical violence which may include conflicts and/or disagreements) or parental intimate partner conflict (conflicting interactions and disagreements only) are associated with offspring depression, anxiety and substance use in early adulthood (at age 21); and whether these associations are independent of maternal background, depression and anxiety and substance use. Data (n = 2,126 women and children) were taken from a large-scale Australian birth-cohort study, the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). IPC and IPV were measured at the 14-year follow-up. Offspring mental health outcomes - depression, anxiety and substance use were assessed at the 21-year follow-up using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Offspring of women experiencing IPV at the 14-year follow-up were more likely to manifest anxiety, nicotine, alcohol and cannabis disorders by the 21-year follow-up. These associations remained after adjustment for maternal anxiety, depression, and other potential confounders. Unlike males who experience anxiety disorders after exposure to IPV, females experience depressive and alcohol use disorders. IPV predicts offspring increased levels of substance abuse and dependence in young adulthood. Gender differences suggest differential impact. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.001},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000346696800007},
	author = {Schiff, M. and Plotnikova, M. and Dingle, K. and Williams, G. M. and Najman, J. and Clavarino, A.}
}
@article {RN128,
	title = {Field education: A comparison of students{\textquoteright} and novice social workers{\textquoteright} perspectives},
	journal = {The British Journal of Social Work},
	volume = {44},
	number = {7},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1950-1966},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {During their studies, social work students tend to think highly of their field education, but little is known about how they perceive it retrospectively after graduation. This question is relevant in view of the continuing debate on the nature and costs of field education. This, together with the advance of evidence-based social work practice, raises questions about the optimum balance between learning in the field and in the classroom. The two-year follow-up study presented here explored differences in the perceptions of fifty-eight social workers about various aspects of field education. The findings of this quantitative study reveal that, after working one year in the {\textquoteleft}real world{\textquoteright}, participants tend to think less of their field education. Moreover, they evaluate the associations between their academic courses and field education significantly lower than during their studies. We discuss the relevance of field education to current needs of the profession and suggest that field education should provide not only in-depth understanding of complex situations, but also skills for dealing with the overwhelming and broad nature of work in the social services.},
	issn = {0045-3102},
	doi = {10.1093/bjsw/bct038},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct038},
	author = {Zeira, Anat and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN109,
	title = {Perceived need for psychosocial services in the context of political violence: Psychological distress among Israeli mothers with young children},
	journal = {Clinical Social Work Journal},
	volume = {42},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {346-356},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The current study investigated the association between mothers{\textquoteright} perceived need for psychosocial services due to exposure to political violence, and theirs and their children{\textquoteright}s psychological distress. A representative sample of 904 Israeli mothers of young children aged 2{\textendash}6 were asked to fill out a questionnaire about exposure to war and other types of trauma,~psychological distress, social support, and perceived need for help. The results showed that mothers who reported a need for psychosocial services due to exposure to political violence had higher levels of exposure to political violence, depressive symptoms and more emotional problems in their young children than mothers who reported no need for help. Those who reported a need for psychosocial services also had less social support even when all other variables are controlled. Furthermore, Arab mothers and mothers with low family income perceived a greater need for psychosocial services. The implications of this study are relevant for policies of outreach to vulnerable groups in situations of ongoing political violence.},
	issn = {1573-3343},
	doi = {10.1007/s10615-013-0471-0},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-013-0471-0},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth}
}
@article {RN82,
	title = {Trauma Through the Lifecycle: Introduction},
	journal = {Clinical Social Work Journal},
	volume = {42},
	number = {4},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {321-322},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0091-1674},
	author = {Straussner, Shulamith Lala Ashenberg and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@inbook {RN83,
	title = {The Influence of the second Lebanon-Israeli war on Israeli atudents in urban school settings: Findings of the Nahariya district-wide screening process},
	booktitle = {Urban Education},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {218-240},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	type = {Book Section},
	author = {Astor, Ron Avi and Reynolds, Heather Meyer and Benbenishty, Rami and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Brom, Danny and Baum, Naomi and Schiff, Miriam and De Pedro, Kris}
}
@article {RN150,
	title = {High school students{\textquoteright} posttraumatic symptoms, substance abuse and involvement in violence in the aftermath of war},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {75},
	number = {7},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {1321-1328},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined one-year after effects of exposure to war events on adolescents{\textquoteright} Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTS) and risk behaviors (substance use and involvement in school violence). In addition, it addressed two potential vulnerability factors: at the micro level, it examined whether childhood trauma raised the vulnerability of Israeli adolescents to PTS and risk behaviors when exposed to war events. At the macro level, we explored whether ethnicity, i.e., being an Israeli Arab, is a vulnerability factor to PTS and risk behaviors. We used a representative sample of 7th to 11th grade students from the north of Israel that included 4151 students: 1800 Jewish (54.4\% boys) and 2351 Arab (41.5\% boys). We assessed exposure to war events and childhood traumatic events, PTS and PTSD, substance use (alcohol, cannabis, Ecstasy) and involvement in school violence. The findings revealed extensive exposure to war events among both Jewish and Arab students. A year after the war, its effects on adolescents were still manifested in PTS, and involvement in school violence and substance use. Exposure to child physical abuse was associated with higher levels of PTS symptoms, substance use and involvement in violence. Exposure to other traumatic events was also associated with greater PTS symptoms and involvement in violence but not with greater substance use. Arab students were a more vulnerable population. They reported higher PTS symptoms, more cannabis use and greater involvement in school violence than Jewish students. However, exposure to war events had similar effects on both Arab and Jewish students. We conclude that war effects include a broad range of psychological distress and risk behaviors that last long after the war ends, especially among youth who have experienced childhood trauma and high exposure to war-related stressors.},
	keywords = {Political violence Substance use Risk behaviors School violence PTSD Childhood traumatic events Arab students Israel adolescents},
	issn = {0277-9536},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.010},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953612004236},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami and Brom, Danny and Baum, Naomi and Astor, Ron Avi}
}
@article {RN144,
	title = {A pilot training program for a motivational enhancement approach to Hepatitis C virus treatment among individuals in Israeli methadone treatment centers},
	journal = {Substance Use \& Misuse},
	volume = {47},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	note = {doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.628735},
	pages = {56-66},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1082-6084},
	doi = {10.3109/10826084.2011.628735},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2011.628735},
	author = {Morse, Diane S. and Schiff, Miriam and Levit, Shabtay and Cohen-Moreno, Rinat and Williams, Geoffrey C. and Neumark, Yehuda}
}
@article {RN121,
	title = {Anxiety Symptoms and Need for Help Among Israeli Methadone Patients in a War Zone},
	journal = {Journal of Loss and Trauma},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/15325024.2010.519295},
	pages = {135-149},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined the levels of Israeli methadone patients? distress and need for help from methadone staff following exposure to war events. At the end of the war in the Gaza strip, 102 patients (67.7\% males) were interviewed on the extent of their exposure to war events, anxiety, and perceived need for help. Illicit drug use postwar was assessed by urine test results. Findings revealed that patients? perceived need for help was associated with their acute anxiety level and later illicit drug use. Therefore, self-reported need for help may serve as a screening tool for vulnerable populations following exposure to war or other disasters.},
	issn = {1532-5024},
	doi = {10.1080/15325024.2010.519295},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2010.519295},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Levit, Shabtay and Schori, Maayan and Lawental, Eli}
}
@article {RN87,
	title = {A city-wide school-based model for addressing the needs of children exposed to terrorism and war},
	journal = {Post-Traumatic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {249},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1002/9780470669280},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Brom, Danny and Baum, Naomi and Benbenishty, Rami and Schiff, Miriam and Astor, Ron Avi and Ardino, V.}
}
@article {RN145,
	title = {Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5},
	journal = {Depression and Anxiety},
	volume = {28},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {103-117},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Abstract Bereavement is a severe stressor that typically incites painful and debilitating symptoms of acute grief that commonly progresses to restoration of a satisfactory, if changed, life. Normally, grief does not need clinical intervention. However, sometimes acute grief can gain a foothold and become a chronic debilitating condition called complicated grief. Moreover, the stress caused by bereavement, like other stressors, can increase the likelihood of onset or worsening of other physical or mental disorders. Hence, some bereaved people need to be diagnosed and treated. A clinician evaluating a bereaved person is at risk for both over-and under-diagnosis, either pathologizing a normal condition or neglecting to treat an impairing disorder. The authors of DSM IV focused primarily on the problem of over-diagnosis, and omitted complicated grief because of insufficient evidence. We revisit bereavement considerations in light of new research findings. This article focuses primarily on a discussion of possible inclusion of a new diagnosis and dimensional assessment of complicated grief. We also discuss modifications in the bereavement V code and refinement of bereavement exclusions in major depression and other disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2011. ? 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
	keywords = {complicated grief DSM-5 diagnostic criteria dimensional assessment stress response disorder},
	issn = {1091-4269},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20780},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20780},
	author = {Shear, M. Katherine and Simon, Naomi and Wall, Melanie and Zisook, Sidney and Neimeyer, Robert and Duan, Naihua and Reynolds, Charles and Lebowitz, Barry and Sung, Sharon and Ghesquiere, Angela and Gorscak, Bonnie and Clayton, Paula and Ito, Masaya and Nakajima, Satomi and Konishi, Takako and Melhem, Nadine and Meert, Kathleen and Schiff, Miriam and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Mary-Frances and First, Michael and Sareen, Jitender and Bolton, James and Skritskaya, Natalia and Mancini, Anthony D. and Keshaviah, Aparna}
}
@article {RN114,
	title = {Childhood sexual abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, and use of heroin among female clients in Israeli methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs)},
	journal = {Social Work in Health Care},
	volume = {49},
	number = {9},
	year = {2010},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/00981381003745103},
	pages = {799-813},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {{This study investigated association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a 1-year follow-up heroin use among female clients in methadone clinics in Israel. Participants were 104 Israeli female clients from four methadone clinics (Mean age = 39.09},
	issn = {0098-1389},
	doi = {10.1080/00981381003745103},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00981381003745103},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Levit, Shabtay and Cohen-Moreno, Rinat}
}
@article {RN112,
	title = {Do adolescents know when they need help in the aftermath of war?},
	journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
	volume = {23},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {657-660},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Abstract This study examined Israeli Arab and Jewish students{\textquoteright} reports on needing help, a year after the Second Lebanon War and whether students{\textquoteright} requests for support were associated with posttraumatic distress. The representative sample included 1,800 Jewish and 2,351 Arab students, grades 7?11. The questionnaires included items regarding (a) exposure to wartime events and other negative life events, (b) measures of posttraumatic stress disorder, and (c) needing help. The results showed that about 30\% of the students reported needing help from any source (e.g., parents, peers) in the aftermath of the war. Arab students were more likely to report needing help than Jewish students. The students who reported needing help experienced higher levels of posttraumatic symptoms.},
	issn = {0894-9867},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20558},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20558},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Benbenishty, Rami and Brom, Danny and Baum, Naomi and Astor, Ron Avi}
}
@article {RN148,
	title = {Knowledge about Hepatitis-C among methadone maintenance treatment patients in Israel},
	journal = {Substance Use \& Misuse},
	volume = {45},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {2010},
	note = {doi: 10.3109/10826080902864894},
	pages = {58-76},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Ignorance about Hepatitis-C (HCV) among drug users, treatment staff, and policy makers thwarts treatment uptake and facilitates virus transmission. We assessed knowledge about HCV among methadone patients in Israel, where effective HCV-treatment is provided at low-cost within the national health insurance framework, yet few infected methadone patients are treated. In 2006, 512 patients in two methadone clinics in Israel were interviewed, of whom 53\%\% were HCV-positive. The clinics were purposively selected from the 11 methadone clinics in the country. Respondents exhibited poor knowledge about HCV, particularly about diagnosis and treatment. Lesser-educated respondents were three times more likely to score low on HCV-knowledge compared to those with 12++ years of schooling (AOR == 2.97, 95\%\% CI == 1.5?5.7. HCV-negative patients were also three-times more likely than HCV-positive patients to score low on the HCV-knowledge scale (Adjusted Odds Ratio == 3.0, 95\%\% Confidence Interval == 1.9?4.7). Enhancing HCV-knowledge may help patients avoid becoming infected and infecting others, allay exaggerated fears about hepatitis, and facilitate HCV-treatment initiation among those infected.},
	issn = {1082-6084},
	doi = {10.3109/10826080902864894},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3109/10826080902864894},
	author = {Cohen-Moreno, Rinat and Schiff, Miriam and Levitt, Shabtay and Bar-Hamburger, Rachel and Strauss, Shiela and Neumark, Yehuda}
}
@article {RN99,
	title = {The role of social support for Israeli adolescents continually exposed to terrorism: Protective or compensatory factors?},
	journal = {Journal of Child \& Adolescent Trauma},
	volume = {3},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {95-108},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study investigated the role that social support plays in posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms among Israeli adolescents with high or low exposure to terrorist acts. Participants were 585 Jewish students (221 girls and 364 boys) in grades 7 to 12 from areas extensively versus slightly exposed to terrorist attacks. Results found that PTS levels and depressive symptoms were higher among adolescents residing in areas highly exposed to terrorism. Adolescents in high exposure areas reported lower perceived levels of support than adolescents in low exposure areas when gender, age, and religiosity were controlled. Social support was found to be a significant predictor for PTS and depressive symptoms, but no evidence for a buffering role of social support was obtained. We conclude that social support has a positive effect on a person{\textquoteright}s mental health regardless of the type and level of the stressor the individual is exposed to.},
	issn = {1936-153X},
	doi = {10.1080/19361521003761416},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521003761416},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Peled, Osnat}
}
@article {RN101,
	title = {Correlates of therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes among Israeli female methadone patients},
	journal = {Research on Social Work Practice},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/1049731509347854},
	pages = {380-390},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {{Objectives: This study examines potential predictors (e.g., attachment style, frequency of therapeutic treatment sessions) of client-rated therapeutic alliance between the social worker and client. The relationship between therapeutic alliance and client?s psychological outcomes (hope and posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTS?s]) was also assessed. Methods: The study sample included 95 of 193 female clients (average age = 39.35},
	issn = {1049-7315},
	doi = {10.1177/1049731509347854},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509347854},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Levit, Shabtay}
}
@article {RN137,
	title = {Perceptions of readiness to leave care among adolescents in foster care in Israel},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {31},
	number = {6},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {662-669},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The focus of this study is on how Israeli adolescents in their last years of stay in foster care view their readiness for independent living in multiple areas, such as work, education and money management. The study tests a series of hypotheses regarding factors associated with readiness: Background of family of origin, placement history, Relationships with foster family, relationships with biological family while in care and current functioning. A sample of 66 (32 females) adolescents in foster care in Israel ages 16{\textendash}18 were interviewed face to face. In addition, their social workers completed a structured questionnaire to report on the adolescents{\textquoteright} background and current functioning. Overall, adolescents presented a positive view of their readiness in most areas. They felt less ready mainly in their abilities to secure financial resources for school and housing. Background variables and workers{\textquoteright} reports did not predict readiness. Youth{\textquoteright}s perceptions of relationships with foster family, social support, educational achievements and the avoidance of substance abuse were correlated positively with perceived readiness. The discussion examines the potential positive and negative implications of an optimistic view of readiness and presents implications for practice. Policy implications are suggested for preparing youth while in care and after they leave care.},
	keywords = {Foster care Readiness for independent living Leaving care Foster family Social support Israel},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.01.001},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740909000164},
	author = {Benbenishty, Rami and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN88,
	title = {Testing group supervision in fieldwork training for social work students},
	journal = {Research on Social Work Practice},
	volume = {20},
	number = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/1049731509332882},
	pages = {427-434},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study monitors group supervision for students? field training in a Bachelor?s Degree in Social Work (BSW) program and compares it with the experience of the students receiving the traditional individual supervision. The experimental group supervision model is implemented in two consecutive years. Students? experiences are compared at three points in time: before pilot study began; at the end of the 1st year of the pilot study; and at the end of the 2nd year. Findings indicate that in most areas, and at all points in time, students receiving group supervision do not differ from their colleagues in the traditional individual supervision group. However, students receiving group supervision are less satisfied at all points in time with various aspects of the supervision they receive. These findings generally broaden our understanding of group supervision in social work field training and provide evidence to support future decisions on the nature of supervision in fieldwork training in BSW programs.},
	issn = {1049-7315},
	doi = {10.1177/1049731509332882},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509332882},
	author = {Zeira, Anat and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN107,
	title = {Cross-national adolescent multidimensional life satisfaction reports: Analyses of mean scores and response style differences},
	journal = {Journal of Youth and Adolescence},
	volume = {37},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {142-154},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Although numerous cross-national studies have assessed life satisfaction among adults, similar studies using adolescent samples have been rare. To address this shortage of research, a total of 1338 youth adolescents from two individualistic nations (Ireland, USA) and two collectivistic nations (China, South Korea) were administered the Multidimensional Students{\textquoteright} Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS: Huebner, 1994) to assesses general life satisfaction and satisfaction with family, friends, school, self, and living environment. Responses were analyzed to assess potential cross-national differences in (a) mean levels of life satisfaction, and (b) response styles, specifically acquiescence and extreme responding. Mean scores revealed positive ratings by adolescents from all four nations across all domains, with the exceptions of satisfaction with school experiences (Ireland, South Korean, USA), living environment (China, South Korea), self (South Korea), and general life satisfaction (South Korea). Results also revealed significant response style differences across all MSLSS domains. Significant gender and gender-by-nation effects were observed for both mean score and response style differences, although the effect sizes were small. The implications of these findings were discussed, particularly with respect to {\textquotedblleft}individualistic{\textquotedblright} vs. {\textquotedblleft}collectivistic{\textquotedblright} cultural differences.},
	issn = {1573-6601},
	doi = {10.1007/s10964-007-9172-8},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9172-8},
	author = {Gilman, Rich and Huebner, E. Scott and Tian, Lili and Park, Nansook and O{\textquoteright}Byrne, Jenny and Schiff, Miriam and Sverko, Dina and Langknecht, Heather}
}
@article {RN124,
	title = {Definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among undergraduate students of social work},
	journal = {International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology},
	volume = {51},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/0306624X06291457},
	pages = {170-190},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The article focuses on definitions of and beliefs about wife abuse among undergraduate social work students in Israel. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. The vast majority of students in Study 1 acknowledged acts thought to constitute wife assault and disapproved of a husband{\textquoteright}s use of force against his wife. The majority of students in Study 2 did not justify wife abuse nor tend to believe that battered women benefit from beating, although they tended to blame the violent husband for his behavior. Significant amounts of the variance in dependent variables were explained by the students{\textquoteright} marital role expectations (Study 1) and their attitudes toward women and sex role stereotypes (Study 2). The students{\textquoteright} year of study and participation in family violence or wife abuse courses did not contribute toward explaining the variance in their beliefs. Results are discussed in light of the students{\textquoteright} patriarchal ideology, and implications for future research are presented.},
	issn = {0306-624X},
	doi = {10.1177/0306624X06291457},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X06291457},
	author = {Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. and Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN133,
	title = {Exposure to terrorism and Israeli youths{\textquoteright} cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use},
	journal = {American Journal of Public Health},
	volume = {97},
	number = {10},
	year = {2007},
	note = {doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.090514},
	pages = {1852-1858},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objectives. We investigated the consequences of exposure to acts of terrorism among Israeli adolescents. We examined whether exposure to terrorism predicted adolescents? use of cigarettes, alcohol (including binge drinking), and cannabis after we controlled for posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms and background variables.Methods. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were given to a random sample of 960 10th and 11th grade students (51.6\% boys, 48.4\% girls) in a large city in northern Israel.Results. Close physical exposure to acts of terrorism predicted higher levels of alcohol consumption (including binge drinking among drinkers) and cannabis use. These relationships remained even after we controlled for posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms.Conclusions. In addition to posttraumatic stress symptoms, negative consequences of terrorism exposure among adolescents included substance abuse. The similarity between our findings among Israeli adolescents and previous findings among US adults suggests cross-cultural generalizability. Given the risks for later problems from early-onset substance abuse, the consequences of terrorism exposure among adolescents merit greater research and clinical attention.},
	issn = {0090-0036},
	doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2006.090514},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.090514},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Zweig, Hillah Haim and Benbenishty, Rami and Hasin, Deborah S.}
}
@article {RN96,
	title = {The impact of ethnicity and phase in training on Israeli social work students{\textquoteright} satisfaction with the field instruction},
	journal = {Social Work Education},
	volume = {26},
	number = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/02615470601140526},
	pages = {794-809},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Students{\textquoteright} evaluations of their satisfaction with their field instruction including their field instructors, agency, and learning opportunities have been the focus of earlier and more recent studies. However much less is known about students{\textquoteright} satisfaction in non?English speaking countries. Even rarer are studies on how satisfaction differs among diverse ethnic groups and phase of training. This study focuses on the impact of ethnicity (Jewish and Israeli Arabs), and phase of training (second or third years) on the satisfaction of Israeli social work students with their field instruction. Some 742 second and third year students reported their satisfaction on a self?administered questionnaire. Third year students who had already completed two academic years of training were more satisfied with their field instruction than second year students. Arab students were significantly less satisfied with their field placement agencies. Second year Arab students were also less satisfied with their field instructors and their field instruction in general than second year Jewish students. The lower satisfaction might be true for other minority groups in Western countries and should be further investigated. We recommend increasing cultural sensitivity in the curriculum of social work education as well as preparatory workshops before the beginning of field practice.},
	issn = {0261-5479},
	doi = {10.1080/02615470601140526},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02615470601140526},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Katz, Katalin}
}
@article {RN119,
	title = {Retention and illicit drug use among methadone patients in Israel: A gender comparison},
	journal = {Addictive Behaviors},
	volume = {32},
	number = {10},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {2108-2119},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objectives To examine gender differences or similarities regarding the retention rate in the course of a 13-month treatment and in long-term retention up to 14~years among 2683 patients treated in eight (of 10) methadone maintenance clinics located in communities in Israel. Methods The study is based on a computerized set of data on 2683 (331 female and 2352 male) patients older than 18~years of age (mean age=43.30 SD=8.53) who underwent treatment in one of eight methadone maintenance programs in Israel sometimes (or all the time) between January 1, 1991 and October 30, 2005. Results 79.6\% of the patients had a 100\% retention rate in the 13-month time slot examined. The survival curves for the long-term retention show that retention in treatment was similar for both female and male patients. However, long-term retention is higher among female patients aged 31{\textendash}40. Conclusion It is premature to conclude that there are no gender differences in retention since there seem to be different profiles of female patients, characterized by different retention rates, as implied by the great variability in the females{\textquoteright} retention behavior found in the regression analysis.},
	keywords = {Gender differences Long-term retention Retention rate Methadone Substance use Israel},
	issn = {0306-4603},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.01.010},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460307000251},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Levit, Shabtay and Moreno, Rinat Cohen}
}
@article {RN90,
	title = {Therapeutic components and differential treatment outcomes among clients of Israeli services for substance abusers},
	journal = {Research on Social Work Practice},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/1049731506293695},
	pages = {19-29},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objective: This study is the first in a comprehensive examination of therapeutic components and outcome of interventions in a public, nonresidential service for drug addicts in Jerusalem (SHALEM). Method: Data were gathered from 153 clients (35 women, 128 men; 35 Arabs, 118 Jews; median age = 39) using clinical data mining. Results: Men who had been child victims of physical abuse (60\%) showed less progress in treatment than men reporting no abuse. Arabs showed greater improvement in reducing violent acts. Only four therapeutic components were significant predictors of a client?s treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Processing of trauma history must become a major therapeutic component, and differential treatment plans for women and men and different ethnic groups should be developed.},
	issn = {1049-7315},
	doi = {10.1177/1049731506293695},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731506293695},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Katz, Katalin}
}
@article {RN108,
	title = {Exposure to terrorism and Israeli youths{\textquoteright} psychological distress and alcohol use: An exploratory study},
	journal = {The American Journal on Addictions},
	volume = {15},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {220-226},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examined the associations between physical and psychological proximity to terrorist attacks and post-traumatic symptoms (PTS), depressive symptoms, and alcohol use among Israeli youth. Self-administered questionnaires were completed under anonymous conditions by 1,150 high and junior high school students (51.3\% boys and 48.7\% girls) in a town in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. Standardized, validated scales were used to measure psychological symptoms and alcohol use. High levels of exposure to terrorism were reported. Physical and psychological proximity to terrorist attacks were associated with more PTS symptoms and alcohol consumption. Physical proximity was also associated with symptoms of depression. The implications of terror-associated early drinking for later alcohol problems should be explored.},
	issn = {1055-0496},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490600626200},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490600626200},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Benbenishty, Rami and McKay, Mary and DeVoe, Ellen and Liu, Xinhua and Hasin, Deborah}
}
@article {RN110,
	title = {Functioning of Israeli group-homes alumni: Exploring gender differences and in-care correlates},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {28},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {133-157},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This follow-up study examined the current functioning of young adult alumni of a large network of group-homes in Israel. Our aim was to identify factors explaining their current functioning and explore gender differences. Background and in-care experiences were gathered on 143 alumni (64 men and 79 women). One hundred nine of those alumni (51 men and 58 women) agreed to be interviewed. Despite their disadvantaged background prior to entering care, alumni functioned adequately and were in good health. Girls seem to have more positive in-care experiences than boys. A child{\textquoteright}s academic functioning while in care was a positive predictor for alumni current functioning status. Our study identifies areas of concern such as alumni relative low educational level, and suggests directions for future interventions and longitudinal studies.},
	keywords = {Out-of-home placement Attachment Children at-risk Group-home alumni Functioning status Group-home parent{\textendash}child relationships Israel},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.02.010},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740905000812},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Benbenishty, Rami}
}
@article {RN98,
	title = {Leaving care: Retrospective reports by alumni of Israeli group homes},
	journal = {Social Work},
	volume = {51},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {343-353},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examines the retrospective reports of alumni of Israeli group homes on their experiences of leaving care, taking into account possible gender differences as well as associations with their experiences while in care. The reports of 94 alumni (38 men and 56 women) interviewed by phone revealed major difficulties associated with the transition from the group home. About half perceived their transition from care as {\textquotedblleft}quite hard{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}very hard.{\textquotedblright} A fifth reported having no one to talk to during the first period of leaving care. Generally, the transition was more difficult for girls than boys. The longer the alumni (especially boys) stayed in care, the more difficult they found the transition to independent living. Better relationships between the child and the group-home parents while in care were associated with a more difficult transition to independent living. This study highlights the need for longer and more extensive preparation for leaving out-of-home care.},
	issn = {0037-8046},
	doi = {10.1093/sw/51.4.343},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/51.4.343},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN103,
	title = {Life satisfaction among Israeli youth in residential treatment care},
	journal = {The British Journal of Social Work},
	volume = {36},
	number = {8},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1325-1343},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study is a preliminary examination of life satisfaction among 103 children in one residential treatment care (RTC) setting in Israel. Life satisfaction was examined using the Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS). Gender differences in life satisfaction and correlations with background and in-care variables were examined. The study revealed that girls were more satisfied with RTC-specific domains than boys and that the residential child-care worker{\textendash}child relationship plays a major role in the child{\textquoteright}s life satisfaction. Findings provided some support for the utility of the MSLSS to describe RTC children and youth{\textquoteright}s life satisfaction across a number of important life domains. Ongoing administration of such scales has the potential to monitor RTC children{\textquoteright}s life satisfaction and its correlates throughout their stay in care.},
	issn = {0045-3102},
	doi = {10.1093/bjsw/bch274},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch274},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Nebe, Shiry and Gilman, Rich}
}
@article {RN118,
	title = {Living in the shadow of terrorism: Psychological distress and alcohol use among religious and non-religious adolescents in Jerusalem},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	volume = {62},
	number = {9},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {2301-2312},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examines the effects of prolonged exposure to terrorism in 600 religious and non-religious Jewish adolescents living in Jerusalem, particularly post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, coping strategies and social support. The youth in Jerusalem reported high exposure to terrorist acts. This exposure was associated with high PTS, depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Despite an apparently greater exposure to terrorism, religious adolescents reported lower levels of PTS and alcohol consumption, but similar levels of depressive symptoms to non-religious adolescents. Problem-solving coping predicted higher depressive symptoms for religious adolescents exposed to terrorism but not for similarly exposed non-religious adolescents. In contrast, emotion-focused coping predicted more alcohol consumption among highly exposed non-religious adolescents, while emotion-focused coping predicted more alcohol consumption among religious adolescents with low exposure. The overall findings suggest that religiosity may buffer the negative consequences of exposure in other ways than through coping or support.},
	keywords = {Terrorism Religiosity Adolescents Alcohol use Substance use PTSD Depression Israel},
	issn = {0277-9536},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.016},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953605005423},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam}
}
@article {RN117,
	title = {Maintaining Routine despite Ongoing Exposure to Terrorism: A Healthy Strategy for Adolescents?},
	journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {199-205},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Purpose To examine the association between ongoing terrorism and Israeli adolescents{\textquoteright} routine activities. Methods A total of 1336 junior high and high school students from Jerusalem (46.9\% boys and 53.1\% girls) self-reported on measures of maintaining or reducing their level of routine activities, perceived parental monitoring, posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) and functional impairment. We used linear regressions to explore possible associations between decreasing (or maintaining) level of routine activities, parental monitoring, and PTS and functional impairment. Results A majority of the adolescents reported that under the recurrent threat of terrorism they maintained their routine (i.e., 65.8\% continued using public transportation). Similarly, more than half the students perceived their parents as encouraging them to maintain their routine activities. Furthermore, greater exposure to terrorism was associated with more PTS symptoms and functional impairment. Nonetheless, a reduced level of routine activities was a significant predictor for higher PTS and functional impairment, even after controlling for level of exposure to terrorism, gender and age. Similarly, perceived parental limiting of routine activities was a significant predictor for higher PTS and functional impairment, even after controlling for gender, age and the level of exposure to terrorism. Conclusions Our results support practitioners{\textquoteright} recommendations to encourage continuity in daily routine. Disruption of routine activities may result in the development of avoidance reactions that can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder.},
	keywords = {Terrorism Routine Daily activities Parental monitoring Unsafe activities Israel Adolescents},
	issn = {1054-139X},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.11.021},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X05005264},
	author = {Pat-Horenczyk, Ruth and Schiff, Miriam and Doppelt, Osnat}
}
@article {RN113,
	title = {Perceived positive aspects of intimate relationships among abused women in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTP)},
	journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/0886260505282102},
	pages = {121-138},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This study examines the positive aspects of intimate relationships perceived by drug-involved women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). The article examines the association of psychological distress, childhood abuse, and severity of IPV with the different positive aspects the women indicated. Most analyses were conducted on a subsample of 149 women in methadone maintenance treatment who intended to continue their relationship with their abusive partner. The women most frequently valued fulfillment of the role of an intimate partner such as ?he takes care of me, loves me, makes me laugh? (29.7\%). Fewer than one tenth of the women valued their partners? role as economic provider; however, these women reported more physical IPV. Women intending to continue the relationship (more than two thirds of the participants) reported less physical or sexual IPV and experienced less psychological distress. Policy and practice implications are discussed.},
	issn = {0886-2605},
	doi = {10.1177/0886260505282102},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260505282102},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Gilbert, Louisa and El-Bassel, Nabila}
}
@article {RN127,
	title = {Dating violence and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of at-risk Israeli youth},
	journal = {Child Abuse \& Neglect},
	volume = {29},
	number = {11},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1249-1263},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Objective This exploratory study examines the reported dating violence and its association with sexual risk behavior among Israeli adolescents, who are at risk for dropping out of school. Methodology A convenience sample of 105 at-risk youth (51 boys and 54 girls) completed self-administered anonymous, questionnaires in small same-gender groups. The questionnaire included a Hebrew version of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, a valid scale developed in the US especially for adolescents, the Hebrew version of the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Self-Efficacy to Refuse Sexual Behavior Scale. Results We found high rates of perpetration of verbal-emotional abuse for both girls and boys. Rates of reported victimization by physical abuse were higher among boys but that by sexual abuse were higher among girls. We found a moderate inverse association between victimization by dating violence and practicing safe sex among girls. There was a similar but much stronger association for boys who were victims of dating violence. Conclusions The high rates of various types of dating violence in Israel, at least among at-risk adolescents, should raise concern and motivate designing and implementing specific prevention interventions. The high reported rates of victimization from dating violence among boys are somewhat surprising and call for special attention and more indepth studies. R{\'e}sum{\'e} French-language abstract not available at time of publication. Resumen Spanish-language abstract not available at time of publication.},
	keywords = {Dating violence Sexual risk behaviors At-risk adolescents Courtship violence},
	issn = {0145-2134},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.04.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213405002334},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Zeira, Anat}
}
@article {RN130,
	title = {Israel 2000: Immigration and gender differences in alcohol consumption},
	journal = {The American Journal on Addictions},
	volume = {14},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {234-247},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The present study addresses the association between immigration from the former Soviet Union (FSU) and gender and alcohol consumption among a representative sample of young adults in Israel 2000. Previous studies that were conducted on FSU immigrants to Israel indicate higher consumption than that of resident Israelis and immigrants of earlier periods. The current study aims to assess alcohol consumption among FSU and resident Israelis five years later to determine whether the discrepancy in alcohol consumption stays consistent or reduces. In addition, gender differences in alcohol consumption among the Israeli society were examined as well, as a special case of socio-culture differences. The data came from the 2000 national survey of drinking in Israel. Of 5,004 Jewish Israelis, 532 were immigrants from the FSU who arrived since 1989, and 4,472 were resident Israelis. The FSU group was compared with resident Israelis, and males were compared to females on several drinking variables. Logistic regression was the principal method of analysis. Demographics and cultural variables as main effects or in interaction with FSU and gender were controlled. The FSU group was significantly more likely to report drinking in the last twelve months plus drinking in the last thirty days than resident Israelis. Women{\textquoteright}s reported drinking in the last twelve months was one fourth of men{\textquoteright}s and during the past thirty days was one fifth of men{\textquoteright}s. Further investigation on the associations between the success of FSU acculturation in the Israeli society and drinking patterns as well as attitudes toward women and gender differences in alcohol consumption may provide explanations for gender and immigration gaps in alcohol consumption.},
	issn = {1055-0496},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490590949578},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490590949578},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Rahav, Giora and Teichman, Meir}
}
@article {RN95,
	title = {Psychological Impact of Terrorism on Children and Families in the United States},
	journal = {Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment \& Trauma},
	volume = {9},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {doi: 10.1300/J146v09n03_01},
	pages = {305-317},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Summary This article reviews the literature on the psychological impact of terrorism on children and families in the United States. It includes studies of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City and the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, as well as the September 11 attacks. These studies explore the impact of various forms and degrees of exposure to terrorism on children across the development spectrum and on the relationships between parental and child reactions. The article concludes with a framework for future research on children{\textquoteright}s adaptation following mass trauma.},
	issn = {1092-6771},
	doi = {10.1300/J146v09n03_01},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1300/J146v09n03_01},
	author = {Pfefferbaum, Betty J. and Devoe, Ellen R. and Stuber, Jennifer and Schiff, Miriam and Klein, Tovah P. and Fairbrother, Gerry}
}
@article {RN111,
	title = {Children with behavior problems: improving elementary school teachers{\textquoteright} skills to keep these children in class},
	journal = {Children and Youth Services Review},
	volume = {26},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {207-234},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This paper describes an evaluation study of two workshops for elementary school teachers aimed at improving their skills for coping with the behavior problems in children. The ability to hold these children helps to prevent them from dropping out of school and avoids their referral to special education programs. The workshops integrated two intervention strategies: (1) Behavior modification skills and (2) Experiential work on the feelings that the misbehaved child evokes in teachers. We hypothesized that the workshops would improve teachers{\textquoteright} skills for coping with the children who misbehave. We obtained evaluations of the first workshop from 17 elementary school teachers from one school who participated in the intervention. Evaluations of the second workshop were obtained from 57 teachers from different schools (25 took part in the intervention and 32 belonged to a control group). The hypothesis was fully supported by the results, both in terms of subjective and objective measures. Specifically, for the first workshop, the participants{\textquoteright} evaluation of the contribution of the workshop to their level of skills and their ability to cope with misbehaved children was higher in the follow-up than at the end of the workshop. In the second workshop, evaluations of the teachers{\textquoteright} skills and their ability to cope with children who misbehave were higher in the post stage, both relatively to the pre stage of the workshop, and to a control group. Evaluation of emotional variables during the second workshop, however, showed no significant change. The discussion of the results addresses the findings of evaluation studies as well as theories and findings regarding the antecedents and the consequences of children{\textquoteright}s misbehavior.},
	keywords = {Teachers{\textquoteright} feelings Experiential group work Behavior modification Children misbehavior School},
	issn = {0190-7409},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.01.009},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740904000106},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and BarGil, Berta}
}
@article {RN125,
	title = {Client Satisfaction and Perceived Helping Components of an HIV/AIDS Preventive Intervention for Urban Couples},
	journal = {Research on Social Work Practice},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/1049731503013004004},
	pages = {468-492},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine client satisfaction, perceived helping components, and perceived frequency of condom use among men and women who participated in an HIV/STD relationship-based preventive intervention. Method: 107 participants completed evaluation forms at the end of the last of five weekly intervention sessions. Levels of overall satisfaction, what participants liked and learned, what they felt helped them in the intervention, and their report on the frequency of male and female condom use pre- and postintervention were evaluated. Results: The intervention was highly regarded by participants. The helpful components of the intervention were the couples{\textquoteright} ability to communicate better with their main partner and the special strategies the facilitators used. Gender differences in immediate HIV risk reduction behavior changes were found. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate client perceptions of the helping components in combination with structured assessment of targeted outcomes in treatment and preventive interventions.},
	issn = {1049-7315},
	doi = {10.1177/1049731503013004004},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503013004004},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Witte, Susan S. and El-Bassel, Nabila}
}
@article {RN120,
	title = {The role of personal contact with HIV-infected people in explaining urban, African American preadolescents{\textquoteright} attitudes toward peers with HIV/AIDS},
	journal = {American Journal of Orthopsychiatry},
	volume = {73},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {101-108},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This article presents the results of a study aimed at describing African American youths{\textquoteright} attitudes toward peers with HIV/AIDS and identifying correlates of these attitudes based on the contact theory. Baseline data from a sample of African American, urban mothers and their youth (n = 197) participating in a family-based HIV prevention program were analyzed. In support of contact theory, preadolescents{\textquoteright} close relationship to persons infected with HIV/AIDS was highly related to their attitudes. However, no relationship was found between maternal attitudes or communication variables and youth attitudes. The implications of youths{\textquoteright} experience with persons with HIV/AIDS as part of prevention programming are discussed.},
	issn = {0002-9432},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.1.101},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.1.101},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and McKay, Mary and Bell, Carl and Baptiste, Donna and Madison, Sybil and Paikoff, Roberta}
}
@article {RN81,
	title = {Significant teachers as perceived by preadolescents: Do boys and girls Perceive them alike?},
	journal = {The Journal of Educational Research},
	volume = {96},
	number = {5},
	year = {2003},
	note = {doi: 10.1080/00220670309597639},
	pages = {269-276},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {0022-0671},
	doi = {10.1080/00220670309597639},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220670309597639},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Tatar, Moshe}
}
@article {RN100,
	title = {Urban youth disruptive behavioral difficulties: Exploring association with parenting and gender},
	journal = {Family Process},
	volume = {42},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {517-529},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The current study will examine behavioral difficulties among a sample of African American urban youth who were exposed to violence. Possible gender differences in disruptive behavioral difficulties, as well as possible associations between parental practices, family relationships, and youth disruptive behavioral difficulties are examined. A secondary data analysis from baseline data for 125 African American urban mothers and their children collected as part of a large-scale, urban, family-based, HIV prevention research study was analyzed. Findings reveal that externalizing behavioral problems in youth are associated with exposure to violence. Girls displayed significantly higher levels of externalizing behavioral difficulties than boys. Mothers{\textquoteright} parenting practices and family relationships were associated with youths{\textquoteright} externalizing behavior problems. Implications for interventions to reduce youths{\textquoteright} exposure to violence and to develop gender sensitive interventions for youth and supportive interventions for their parents are discussed.},
	issn = {0014-7370},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00517.x},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00517.x},
	author = {Schiff, M. and McKay, M. Mckernan}
}
@article {RN85,
	title = {Psychological distress and intimate physical and sexual abuse among women in methadone maintenance treatment programs},
	journal = {Social Service Review},
	volume = {76},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {doi: 10.1086/339665},
	pages = {302-320},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Guided by the cognitive theory of stress and coping and the comprehensive health?seeking and coping paradigm, this study examines associations among intimate partner abuse and psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood sexual abuse, and current drug use among a cohort of 416 women randomly recruited from New York City methadone treatment programs. Findings expand on past evidence of the high prevalence of psychological distress among adult victimized women and among those with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Women currently abused by their partners have more posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and psychological distress than women not abused by their partners.},
	issn = {0037-7961},
	doi = {10.1086/339665},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/339665},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and El-Bassel, Nabila and Engstrom, Malitta and Gilbert, Louisa}
}
@article {RN102,
	title = {Helping characteristics of self-help and support groups: Their contribution to participants{\textquoteright} subjective well-being},
	journal = {Small Group Research},
	volume = {31},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {doi: 10.1177/104649640003100302},
	pages = {275-304},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This article deals with outcomes of self-help and support groups, based on the relationships between the groups? helping characteristics (i.e., instilling hope, caring and concern) and two variables: participants?subjective well-being and general satisfaction with the group. It was hypothesized that the contribution of the helping characteristics to the participants?subjective well-being would be mediated by the extent of their overall satisfaction with the group. The study also compared 12-step self-help groups to other support groups. The research sample consisted of 117 participants belonging to 11 groups meeting in Israel. The results supported the mediation hypothesis. Comparison of the 12-step groups and the other support groups revealed that 12-step group members were far more satisfied with the group and gave higher evaluations for most of the helping characteristics. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.},
	issn = {1046-4964},
	doi = {10.1177/104649640003100302},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/104649640003100302},
	author = {Schiff, Miriam and Bargal, David}
}
@article {RN97,
	title = {Measuring satisfaction with organizations: Predictions from information accessibility},
	journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
	volume = {57},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {536-551},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The study explored the process through which customers assess their satisfaction with service organizations. Our theoretical analysis suggests that when a general satisfaction question appears after questions about specific domains were asked (SG order), the earlier questions increase the accessibility of both positive and negative information. In contrast, when a general satisfaction question appears prior to any other question (GS order), negative information is more accessible than positive information. On the basis of these differences in accessibility we predicted (1) greater asymmetry in the impact of positive and negative information on the general satisfaction response in the GS order, (2) higher correspondence between domain-specific satisfaction and general satisfaction in the SG order, and (3) higher levels of general satisfaction in the SG order. These predictions were supported in analyses of customers{\textquoteright} responses in a national survey of satisfaction with the Israel Telecommunication Corporation (Bezeq).},
	issn = {0033-362X},
	doi = {10.1086/269394},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1086/269394},
	author = {Schul, Yaacov and Schiff, Miriam}
}
